Gender Role and Sexuality Essay

I can fortunately and happily say that I personally have not experienced unequal treatment in regards to my chosen career, educational path or previously held jobs. What I do still see currently being stereotyped are gender roles and the way they are allowed or not allowed to sexually express themselves in the public eye. From my experience it is more acceptable for men to compose music about sex, be in main stream media selling sex, have successful careers in sex, and everyday unequal expectations in dating, sex and relationships. Men have more sexual freedom in the world today. Men are encouraged and in most cases applauded on the discussion of how many partners they have had in the past and the specifics of each experience, yet woman are still expected to hide their sex from the world in fear of ridicule and isolation. In our society today woman who are overly sexual or dress in form fitting clothes or lack thereof are automatically stereotyped as the promiscuous type. Why the double standard? I don’t agree at all with displaying private sexual acts to the general public to gain fame and wealth and in by doing such corrupting children and destroying the beauty of sex but I don’t believe that we should have to hide that women are as much sexual beings equally as men. I feel religion and culture play major roles in the history of sexual repression of woman. Even dating back to the Puritan who believed that anything resulting in pleasure was a sin, women’s freedom to express their sexuality has been suppressed in fear of domination because we are just as powerful as men. Growing up in a strict catholic home I was always taught to act like a lady in public. Exactly what was meant by that I wasn’t fully sure but I knew its underlying symbolism was repressing my sexuality. I wasn’t allowed to wear spaghetti straps, mid drift shirts, shorts above my knees, or make up till I was 18 years old. Sex was not spoken of in my household at all, and if it happened to be seen in a movie or on television I was instructed to cover my eyes because sex was forbidden. Being a sexy woman was seen as vulgar. If I had male friends I could not talk on the phone with them or play outside of school with them without a parent or chaperone. On that contrary my younger brother was encouraged to dress well, wear cologne and have many female friends. It was a symbol of popularity. In my father’s Hispanic culture the young men were pampered and treated as kings with double standards. The women were there to serve them. We are not allowed to be sexy or let alone discuss sex in anyway shape or form. As an adult now I can understand why I completely rebelled against the stereotypes created by my religion and culture. It’s not fair to make women feel less than human than men. We are sexual creatures who share the same desires and needs. I now embrace my sexuality. I’m not afraid to be who I am, and say how I feel. Being a single mother in society today puts me in another stereotype as well. Having a child out of wedlock is still looked down upon, and more so with the mother. We are labeled as â€Å"promiscuous†, â€Å"unholy†, and â€Å"irresponsible†, but to me I loved a man for 8 years and wanted to create a life with him. Unfortunately the abuse I endured was too great to allow after the child was born, so I chose to leave. On the other hand the single father is praised and labeled as â€Å"hard working†, and â€Å"honorable†. In news and media woman are portrayed as sex objects in order to entice society. It draws women in because they either want to be like them or look like them and it draws men in because they love the visual stimulation. Sexuality is used as a shock value for ratings. Are sexy woman who love their bodies and the way it makes them feel really that shocking? Instead of conditioning our young woman to hide their sexuality we should be teaching them healthy ways to explore and express their human desires of sexuality in a safe, healthy way.

Marriage vs Living Together Essay

Marriage vs Living Together Marriage is the legal union of a man and woman as husband and wife. It is also defined as the union between two people that are recognized by cultural or religious tradition. Older generations would feel that living together was disgraceful. The only way that living together was seen as acceptable was to be married. There are several differences between being married and living together such as the status in the government, status in the religious community, and status in each others eyes and each others families eyes. Television writers and producers are slowly making pop culture more diverse, but that does not mean every non-white character on television represents a step forward. Some programs seem not to do anything but pump racial stereotypes into the public eye. From geeky and pathetic Asian characters to a biracial genie who is literally an object in a white lady’s house. Another example would be from the show called , â€Å"Rob Schneider†, This new comedy is about Rob Schneider’s character attempting to connect with his wife’s large Mexican family, most of whom do not like him. It seems as though he’s supposed to be a sort of Archie Bunker character who makes awful stereotypical jokes and then is promptly dismissed by, you know, reality, but in this world the stereotypes seem to be true – the members of Maggie’s family are almost entirely defined by their Mexican-ness, right down to the mute, diminutive grandmother with a shrine to Jesus in her bedroom. We’re all for more Latino characters in primetime, but this is a pretty horrifying way to do It. (Victoria Mcnally, mar. , 2012) Children movies, television shows, and commercials are not immune to the typical racial stereotyping. In our increasingly ever-changing society, children are deeply drawn into television viewing and their consumption of television programming varies by ethnicity. Ethnic portrayal in children’s advertising is an important public policy and self-regulatory topic that may influence children’s self-perception and brand perception. Another show that promotes stereotypical behavior in television programing would be the Glee Club, that s essentially a show about the performing arts and the arts have always had an association (earned or perceived) as being gay friendly. If a guy tells someone that they are a dancer, they will assume he is gay. Glee stereotypically has gay characters. In conclusion, even commercials such as tide have shown racial stereotypical antidotes in them for example have you seen the latest Tide commercial where a â€Å"sassy black woman† is sitting on a bench getting very annoyed with being told she cannot wear white jeans after Labor Day. She actually gets up, starts with the neck swivel and the hand, and says she will do whatever she wants because Tide will keep her jeans white, â€Å"Not white-ish, not eggshell, and not ecru, whatever that is. † But pure white. Just another way of showing that no matter what genre of television programming, stereotyping is a part of it. Mostly due to television trying to appeal to different types of audiences to include ethnicity, sex and age.

Essay Writing and Backwards Brain Bicycle

What Does Essay Writing and Backwards Brain Bicycle Have In Common Essay writing is a must when you are going thru college. You have to write a lot to get through College, and if you want to go further with academia, you’re going to have to write a lot more than ever before. The more you learn the more you’re going to have to write, and essays are never going to stop. If you have a hard time writing essays, you may want to look into the Backwards Brain Bicycle by Smarter Every Day experiment by Destin. You might be confused, I know, so let me explain. Source: YouTube You must be wondering what does Backwards Brain Bicycle have anything to do with Essay Writing. Well, this Backwards Bicycle is going to help you understand a little better about how to write a first class essay OR dissertation. Well, by applying what you learn in this short 7 minute interesting and entertaining video, you will realize how we think one way, but then this Backwards Bicycle helps you understand the reality and how to make adjustments according to your new reality.So, why is it impossible to ride this Bicycle unless you practice daily?To find this out, I encourage you to watch this short, but useful 7 minute video by Smarter Every Day.Everyone Learns How To Write Just like a BicycleThe thing about the Backwards Brain Bicycle is that it helps remember how things used to be. In general, you know the expected outcome from your Bicycle. For example, if you turn the handlebar to the right, you know it will turn right. If you turn the handlebar to the left, you know the expected outcome which is that Bicycle would turn left. In this experiment, Destin challenges himself by switching things up a little bit. Essay writing in College is no different. Even though you have been writing ever since you were a child, given the new challenge and Writing Assignments you will have to think differently. The same writing that you did early on in school or even high school is now seems much more difficult. The reason why it gets harder to Write in College is because you have to relearn how to write in a certain manner. You may not get that at first glance, but things get a lot more progressive. This is where the Backwards Bicycle starts to show you the new world and how you need to get accustomed to new reality. Backwards Brain Bicycle challenges you to learn how to ride a bicycle even though people claim once you know how to ride a bicycle you never forget it, but by changing things a little bit, you can see how this can quickly become a difficult task. Writing in College vs. writing early on OR if you have gone for higher studies to another country is no different. This new challenge is going to take some time to master. So, how long does it take?But what if you changed things upIn this example, Destin the Engineer changed the Bicycle by switching the handlebars. Now when someone would want to turn right, the wheels would need to turn to left and vice versa. That meant that riding this bicycle, you’d have to intuitively change how you maneuver. You could not turn left, in order to turn right. It was a constant battle and it took this Engineer 8 months to learn how to ride this NEW Bicycle properly. Meanwhile, quite interestingly this Engineer proved that when you don’t have to unlearn and relearn you can get this done much more quickly. He asked his 6-year old son to ride the same exact bicycle and he could do the same thing in only 2 weeks. That’s right, it took his 6-year old only 2 weeks instead of 8 months to ride the backwards bike. Writing for College and adjusting to your new College life is no different as compared to writing early on in your childhood.Writing Is Not Always LinearWhen you write an essay, you may think that you have to write things out in a linear form. You start with an introduction then you write about the topic, and then you provide a conclusion towards the end. But that’s not always the case. As you learn how to write a College level essay, you may find that there are opposites that you need to work with. For instance, you’ll need to write an outline. You cannot get anywhere without an outline. You need to focus on what you want to say, a thesis, and then structure it in a skeleton to write points about. If you do not do this, and you just rely on the knowledge that you had previously, you’re not going to go very far. Writing an essay requires more than knowledge, it requires understanding. There’s a difference here that many students and adults do not get at first. You can write often, but if you don’t know how to illustrate your knowledge in a complex manner, writing long form, then you don’t really â€Å"understand† things. Regardless of the topic, you’re going to have to have an understanding of the larger principles and information that you’re working with. The subject matter you are going to be writing about has to be engraved in your mind, and you need to illustrate that through writing which may include paraphrasing Essays. The Bicycle itself, can be easy to learn, but if you switch the format of how to ride, your brain could cause problems as you’ll want to focus on the biases, and comfort zones of your memory of learning.Writing Requires New HabitsThe reason why children can learn things faster is because they don’t have biases, and they don’t have habits that are already formed through the practice and education attained through school. They are still learning, and therefore they will be able to mold into a new parameter of writing, and expression. Adults do not have that ability because they have a set standard they are following. Many people that write essays have a certain style. They know certain formats, and stick to them. While many professors are akin to grade well in these endeavors, you will need to know more about how to change on the fly. How to avoid plagiarismWhat if the assignment requires MLA formattingThen changes to Chicago Manual of StyleWhat if you’re supposed to write an essay that is about an opinion, or a review of a book or text of large quantities of informationWhat if you have to write something that is persuasiveThese are all different types of essays, and if you’re only accustomed to writing using â€Å"one† style, you will falter.Mind Over MatterTo change your mind, you will need to focus on a different form of learning. Instead of relying on what you already know, you have to refocus and readjust in way that might be difficult. Essay writing is very much the same. Every new essay that you create, has to bridge the gap between yourself, the reader, and the academic lesson that you’re trying to convey. Whether you’re writing for academic purpose OR writing for your workplace, you have to focus on how the audience is going to use your information. You cannot just rely on the past methods, and structures. You’ll need to create a different path, much like the Backwards Brain Bicycle. T The backwards bicycle worked out, but it took time to rethink and relearn the biases of the brain. That is the same as essay writing. The more comfortable you are with writing, the more you need to relearn and redirect. If not, your writing is going to fall short, and end up too linear, which is not going to work while presenting complex ideas.

Relevant furniture piece or other interior design element in the Assignment

Relevant furniture piece or other interior design element in the Victorian period (1850-1890) - Assignment Example He acquired the idea of decorating the Armoire from his mother. The above piece of furniture had an approximated cost of thirty four thousand dollars (Online Garallies, p.1). The Fine Armoire above has a lot of significance to the Victorian period. Among its importance, include; it provide an inspiration of the fine arts that were being produced during the Victorian period. It also provides other designers a fundamental basis for their design given that the idea was invented earlier. The furniture above help to encourage innovation and creativity among the designers of the current era. The Fine Armoire is significant because it indicates the type of materials that were used by the designers during that period. It also provide an important reference of what the previous artist used to do during the Victorian period (Online Garallies,

THe Irish Famine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

THe Irish Famine - Essay Example nineteenth century were severely underdeveloped† which â€Å"had crucial implications for the working of the economy.†1 However, it cannot be denied that the effects of the potato failure had long-reaching and detrimental effects upon the population at large. There were many reasons why potatoes emerged as the primary crop for Irish farmers to subsist upon. Potatoes are nutritious, easily grown and stored which made it the perfect food for the times and circumstances. The production of potatoes as a means of feeding the family, while all other crops and manufactured goods were used for outside trade or to further enrich the land for planting, enabled society to flourish in the first part of the century. However, when potatoes became suddenly unavailable, the hardships and deaths that followed were of catastrophic proportion. There have been a wide variety of theories as to why this happened, including the contention that the decline would have occurred regardless of what might have happened with the potato crops, but careful analysis has continued to demonstrate that the failure of the potatoes created a significant shift in the direction of Ireland that continues into the present day. This sad event in history has led people to question why it happened, the effectiveness of governmental remedies and how a similar event can be prevented in the future. The human suffering that resulted from the ‘Irish Potato Famine’ of 1846 to 1850 occurred predominantly due to the peasant class of Irish being reliant solely on one crop, the potato, for sustenance. Prior to the 1800’s, the Irish grew several different types of crops, many of which would have been able to meet the humanitarian need that would arise in the failure of potatoes. These included barley, rye, oats and vegetables.2 However, British law, concerned with protecting British interests, introduced the protectionist legislation referred to as the Corn Law. This law, and subsequent laws

Values Scenario 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Values Scenario 4 - Essay Example However, for a true Christian, this should not be the case. The bible should be used like a map to guide people in their way. I try to show how bible principles can be applied for a successful business. I am going to emphasize on twelve principles that that can help a Christian run his business successfully. I will start with diligence. According to the book of proverbs 22:29 the bible says that a man diligent in his business can even stand before kings. In Hebrew, the word diligent can mean fast, quick, skillful or ready. Therefore, when a customer pops in, the business person should be more than ready to serve him or her. Such service cannot be always possible. However, one should try hard to achieve this. in the new testament, Paul wrote to the Christians telling them to not to be slothful in business but instead, business men should be fervent in their work. Laziness should not be tolerated in business (Brott). The other principle is right planning. Proverbs chapter 16 verse 3 says that all a man’s work should be committed to the lord. A new business should work out the general business parameters in terms of site, size and stocks. Committing our works to the lord should help establish thoughts. The third principle is our way of thinking. The word thought should be used to give a description of the inner voices of self-awareness. Having clear and logical thoughts can make our lives easier. The bible says that the strategies of the diligent result in plenty but for the hasty, poverty might be knocking on the door. The meaning of this is that if we do fill our heads with good information we will surely prosper. Wise input contributes to wise output. For instance, in times of recession, many businesses might close since the owners could be inflexible to change. Recessions always result in an opportunity to take up the available directions (Tsague). The other principle is morality. If a business

Professional resume and cover letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Professional resume and cover letter - Essay Example By having such a chance, I would be able to match my profession with my interests, which include serving the needy. During my extra curricular activities, I have established an interest of offering voluntary services to the needy in different health and special care facilities. In the process, I have obtained excellent professional skills that support an all-rounded delivery of services. Some of such personal strengths include interpersonal skills, leadership skills, initiative-taking skills, tolerance, and communication skills. In line with the requirements of a modern nursing professional, I believe that I meet several of what would be needed in my duties if my application were successful. For the above reasons and those contained in my resume, I believe that I am the right candidate for this job. I offer to make positive contributions and cooperation as required of me during the processing of my application. I would like to hear soon from the Corporation regarding the application for clarification. Attached is a section of my resume detailing on documents, certification and

The Role of Green Supply Chain Management in Sustainable Development Dissertation

The Role of Green Supply Chain Management in Sustainable Development - Dissertation Example 26 3.5 GrSCM and CSR †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 27 3.6 SCM and Environmentalism †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 28 Table of Contents (cont’n.) Chapter 4 Impact of Supply Chain on Green Logistics †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 29 4.1 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 30 4.2 Performance Standards †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 31 4.3 Impact of GRSCM on Organisations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 32 4.4 Responsibilities †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 33 4.5 Strategies †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 34 4.6 Barriers †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 36 4.7 The Green Business †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 36 4.8 Best Practice: TQM †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 37 Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 40 5.1 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 40 5.2 Recommendations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 42 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 43 List of Figures Figure 1 – Traditional Supply Chain Strategy Figure 2 – SCM material and information flow Figure 3 – Competitiveness in supply chain Figure 4 – Functions of green supply chain Figure 5 – Framework of green... Traditionally, supply chain is about profits and producing more products in the age of globalisation. But as the number of conscience-stricken businessmen grew, products are aimed for customer satisfaction taking into consideration environmental protection. Early proponents of green supply chain management formulated a set of alternatives aimed at changing the ways people deal with nature and organisational processes not harmful to the environment. It is possible that we can live in the age of globalisation and advanced technology, but not being abusive to the environment. Green supply chain management became a goal of managers including organisations aiming for a sustainable future. The methodology used in this dissertation is a mix of literature review and analysis of secondary researches. Concepts of traditional supply chain and green supply chain management were analysed and compared and conclusions and recommendations were drawn from the analysis. It can be concluded this early that green supply chain management is a phenomenon and a challenge for businesses and organisations are aiming for long-term relationships with customers and, a value-added supply chain, and above all, a sustainable future.

Community Policing Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Community Policing Law - Essay Example Stories from Stockton, California, Madison, Washington and other places have been pregnant with dire predictions of rising crime and, concurrently, shrinking law enforcement budgets and manpower. One possible solution to these problems can be found in what is known as ‘community policing’. By no means a new concept, it is one which could improve a given community’s relationship with its local law enforcement agencies. Community policing is, in essence, a collaboration between the police and the community that identifies and solves community problems. With the police no longer the sole guardians of law and order, all members of the community become active allies in the effort to enhance the safety and quality of neighborhoods. Community policing has far-reaching implications. (Understanding 1994, vii) In the nineteenth century, the first modern police departments, first in the United Kingdom and then in the United States, were drawn from the ranks of the citizenry and had close ties with the geographic areas in which they worked and patrolled. By the beginning of the twentieth century this began to change. â€Å"Researchers have suggested that the reform era in government, which began in the early 1900’s, coupled with a nationwide move toward professionalization, resulted in the separation of the police from the community† (Understanding 1994, 5-6).

The 19th century was a period of progress Essay

The 19th century was a period of progress - Essay Example There is no dearth of totalitarian states that are scientifically developed. Yet they extend to their citizens a subhuman life. Still, others regard 19th century to be progressive owing to the unprecedented extension of Western colonialism in large parts of the world. Colonial expansions definitely brought affluence and riches to the West. However, at least by the contemporary standards, colonialism could in no way be considered an essential attribute of progress. Especially, when one takes into consideration the brutality and rapaciousness of the colonial regimes those were dominant in the 19th century. If 19th century is to be labeled as being progressive, then the term 'progress' needs to be defined as something vibrant and humane. A cursory perusal of the literary and sociological works of 19th century reveal the rise of unprecedented, radical yet intense stirrings in the social and political environment, which blatantly questioned the existing order and scheme of things in the r eligious, political and social dimensions of human life. It is this very discontent and aversion to the existing state of affairs that qualifies 19th century as a progressive age. Mary Shelley's work 'Frankenstein' though superficially seems to be a Gothic tale relying on the supernatural, horrible and absurd to grab human interest and attention. However, this literary masterpiece no doubt points towards much potent interpretations, which bring to fore the general mindset and intellectual temperament of the 19th century man. 'Frankenstein' unravels a novel approach towards the understanding of creation and life, which is rebellious, unconventional, far from being conservative and orthodox and intrinsically irreverent at the same time. In fact, these are the very attributes that delineate the intellectual atmosphere in the 19th century and account for all the ensuing progress and development. The 19th century man was able to muster enough of essential heresy, which emboldened him to allocate within one's scope the matters of life and death, till now appropriated to the realm of divine and celestial. This is indicative of an approach towards life that is ration al, matter of fact, inquisitive and bold. In the words of Shelley: "Whence, I often ask myself, did the principle of life proceed It was a bold question, and one, which was ever been, considered as a mystery: yet with how many things are we upon the brink of becoming acquainted, if cowardice and carelessness did not restrain our enquiries (33)." Yet, this severing of the ties with predominantly theological and anachronistic values in no way means that the 19th century intellectual environment was bereft of any moral or ethical constraints. On the contrary, this is representative of an intellectual mindset that though being audacious was marred by lurking fears and apprehensions. 'Frankenstein' also gives voice to such societal fears by indicating that an ethically unrestrained intellect may give way to something monstrous and abominable.'My Bondage and My Freedom' written by From Douglas, takes this enquiry into ethics and morality into an entirely new realm. Slavery was no doubt, one of the most burning and controversial issue of 19th century. 'My Bondage

Ri Paper For Internal Circulation Only Raffles Institution 2012 Essay Example for Free

Ri Paper For Internal Circulation Only Raffles Institution 2012 Essay Passage 1 1. What is the writer hoping to emphasise by italicising ‘does not’ and ‘cannot’ in line 6? [1] Lifted â€Å"Just because money does not buy happiness does not mean money cannot buy happiness,† says Elizabeth Dunn, a social psychologist and assistant professor at the University of British Columbia. Paraphrased The author hopes to emphasise †¦ (the contrast / difference between) what money often fails to do but actually has the potential to achieve. {MUST attempt to explain ‘does not’ and ‘cannot’. Merely saying that there is a difference/contrast is stating the obvious. E.g. ‘Does not’ is different from ‘cannot’. = 0m.} 1 2. Using your own words as far as possible, explain how we use money wrongly (line 8). [2] Lifted a. we tend to value GOODS over experiences, b. OURSELVES over others, Paraphrased a. People tend to think that commodities/things {must be tangible} are more important than experiences, b. People value themselves over others/self-centred†¦ OR spend on themselves rather than others, c. THINGS over people. c. People prefer spending on objects rather than people. d. [Inferred] We are spending on temporary pursuits and cravings that tend to disappear over time. {MUST capture the comparison (the reason it is wrong is because the preference is wrong). Need not follow the sequence in the answer scheme.} 3-4 points – 2 marks 1-2 points – 1 mark d. †¦ the spending that makes us happy, it turns out, is often spending where the money vanishes and leaves something INEFFABLE in its place. 1 For Internal Circulation Only 3. Using your own words as far as possible, explain three reasons why experiences are ‘inherently more social’ (line 28) [3] Lifted As experiences are inherently more social – when we vacation or eat out or go to the movies it is usually with other people, †¦we are liable also to RELIVE the experience when we see those people again. And past experiences can work as a sort of social adhesive even with people who did not PARTICIPATE with us, providing stories and conversational fodder in a way that a new watch or speedboat rarely can. In addition, †¦experiences do not usually trigger the same sort of PERNICIOUS comparisons that material possessions do†¦ (lines 2835) Paraphrased a. [Inferred] Experiences naturally involve interaction with people and 1 b. We are likely to recall / revisit / reminisce / recollect the experience when we meet those people again. c. People can also bond with people who were not present / strangers / others (through the sharing of anecdotes/conversational material). 1 1 d. Experiences do not cause hurtful comparisons†¦ OR experiences do not make people envious/jealous/ [inferred] insecure. 1 {MUST capture negative connotation.} 1m per point for any 3 of the above points. Maximum 3m. 4. Why does the writer use ‘seeming’ in the phrase ‘even for seeming essentials like cars, houses and, clothes’ (line 41)? Use your own words as far as possible. [1] Lifted Paraphrased Much of the impetus for a. Such needs are (could be) perceived to be crucial for discretionary spending everyday life even though they are not. OR†¦ even for seeming essentials like cars, b. Suggests that the author has doubts about whether houses, and clothes†¦ these objects are crucial. OR†¦ OR We might MISTAKE that c. The  writer feels that it is wrong to associate happiness with material/luxury goods. motivation for happiness, or for having a better life, but it is driven by something else, a human {Answer MUST include the idea of doubt and the need to compete or to fit explanation. in. Denied: sarcasm, cynicism, mockery Accepted: sceptical/scepticism (on its own), sceptical about this.} 1 2 For Internal Circulation Only 5. Explain what the writer means by ‘Talking about money and happiness in the same breath, it turns out, is not necessarily a surrender to crass materialism.’ (lines 47-48) [2] Lifted Talking about money and happiness in the SAME BREATH, it turns out, is not necessarily a SURRENDER to CRASS materialism†¦ Paraphrased a. Connecting / Linking money and happiness†¦ OR Talking about / discussing money and happiness together†¦ b. is in reality not always giving in to†¦ OR a submission to†¦ OR being a victim of†¦ c. a vulgar desire for material goods. OR excessive/shallow desire for luxury goods. 3 points – 2 marks 1-2 points – 1 mark. Passage 2 6. If you are a single male driving around in the Ferrari with nobody next to you, it is a glaring omission. (lines 14-15) a) Why does the writer refer to the Ferrari in line 15? [1] Pt Lift (not possible) Other trophies simply do not bring the payoff one expects. Says Loewenstein, If you are a single male driving around in the Ferrari with nobody next to you, it is a glaring omission. Inference a. A Ferrari is an example of a ‘trophy’. b. A Ferrari is a well-known example of a highly desired product. c. A Ferrari signifies high status / wealth in society. {Any of the above will be accepted.} 1 3 For Internal Circulation Only b) What does ‘glaring omission’ (line 15) imply here? Pt Lift (not possible) Other trophies simply do not bring the payoff one expects. Says Loewenstein, If you are a single male driving around in the Ferrari with nobody next to you, it is a glaring omission. [2] Inference [Inferred from ‘glaring’] a. It is strongly believed/popularly accepted that/very obvious {‘Emphasise’ and ‘highlight’ are not accepted because the question is not asking for the writer’s intention.} [Inferred from ‘omission’, reinforcing stereotypes.] b. that driving a Ferrari/luxury sports car will attract women / ladies / females / companions / partners. {Direct paraphrase of the quote is not acceptable.} 1 1 7. ‘A life that was constantly happy was not a good life’ (lines 30-31). Explain why this is a paradox. [2] Pt Lift Part of the meaning of life is to have highs and lows. A life that was constantly happy was not a good life. Inference [Must capture the clash.] a. We aim/wish/expect for maximum/optimum happiness in our lives all the time AND any of the following [Must capture what ‘good life’ entails.] b. Yet, a good life is one that has ups and downs, not just ups OR c. Yet, a good life is one with adequate/comparable negative experiences, not just positive experiences OR d. Yet, it is not just happiness that is ‘good’ but the ‘bad’ (of lows) is also seen to be ‘good’ {The key idea here is to question the value of ‘constant’ as a ‘good’ thing.} Answers will get either 2 marks or 0 mark. 1 1 4 For Internal Circulation Only 8. Summary Using material from paragraphs 2 to 5, summarise what Matthew Herper has to say about why wealth does not bring a constant sense of joy, why happiness is overrated, and the relationship between money and happiness. Wealth does not bring a constant sense of joy as Pt a. Lift Re-phrase Part of the reason is that people are not people do not know how to use their money very good at FIGURING out what to do to get happiness with the money, (lines 6-7) OR {Main idea of a lack of knowledge people are incompetent when it comes to understanding how to use money about how to manage money.} People generally OVERESTIMATE (line they have unrealistic expectations of the 8) {Students must capture the idea that it is off the mark.} the amount of long-term PLEASURE they will get from a given object. (lines 89) The way people spend money can make them less happy. (lines 9-10) Other trophies simply do not bring the (line 14) b. c. d. e. (Enduring) joy / happiness / positive outcomes that they can derive from something/object. The way people spend money can make them less happy. Other possessions also may not deliver f. g. {Do not accept ‘prizes’ / ’plaques’ / ’rewards’} PAYOFF one expects. (line 14) the rewards / utility / happiness we hope / wish to have. The central problem is that the human Next, our brain is accustomed to brain becomes CONDITIONED to pleasant/happy/joyful experiences as positive experiences. (lines 15-16) OR You can get used to anything, be it hanging by your toenails or making millions of dollars a day. (lines 19-20) Getting a chunk of unexpected money registers as a good thing, but as time passes, the response WEARS off. (lines 16-18) Mood may be set more by heredity†¦ (line 20) h. with time, their effect on us weakens/dies off/subsides. i. Lastly, our happiness level may depend on our genes 5 For Internal Circulation Only j. k. than by anything else (line 20) But this raises another question. How IMPORTANT is happiness anyway? (line 23) People with chronic illnesses describe themselves as happy, but they would still pay large sums for better health. And although healthy individuals are not much happier than quadriplegics, they would pay large sums of money to keep the use of their limbs. (lines 23-26) Some of lifes most SATISFYING experiences (line 26) do not bring happiness. (line 27) Part of the meaning of life is to have highs (line 30) and lows†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (line 30) A life that was CONSTANTLY happy (line 30) was not a GOOD life. (lines 30-31) more than other factors. OR predominantly / mostly [Inferred] However, the significance / necessity / crucial nature of happiness is still in doubt. [Inferred] Even supposedly happy people find happiness insufficient [Inferred] as they are willing to pay to ensure certain privileges†¦ OR health. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. Besides, some of the most gratifying/rewarding experiences do not make us happy. A meaningful life should also have its joyous and sad moments. A life that is always / perpetually happy is not fulfilling. t. u. {Do not award for point s in the absence of point r.} However, there may be at least one Yet, there remains a significant link IMPORTANT relationship between between money and happiness in that money and happiness (lines 31-32) †¦ happy people tend to have higher happy people earn more. incomes later on in their lives. (lines 3334) OR So, while money may not help make people happy, being happy may help them make money. (lines 34-35) Total: 21 points, 11 words that cannot be lifted Points ≠¥ 14 12 – 13 10 – 11 8–9 7 5–6 3–4 1–2 Marks 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 6 For Internal Circulation Only Wealth does not bring a constant sense of joy as†¦ people do not know how to use their money {a} and have unrealistic expectations {b} of the enduring joy that they can derive from something {c}. Other prized possessions {e} also may not deliver the rewards we wish to have {f}. Next, our brain is trained to be accustomed to pleasant experiences {g} as with time, their effect on us subsides {h}. However, the significance of happiness is still in doubt {k}. Even supposedly happy people find happiness insufficient {l} and are willing to pay to ensure their health {m}. Besides, some of the most gratifying experiences {n} do not make us happy {o}. A life that is always happy {r} is also not fulfilling {s}. Yet, there remains a significant link {t} between money and happiness – happy people earn more {u}. (16 points, 116 words) Vocabulary: 9. Give the meaning of the following words as they are used in the passage. You may write your answer in one word or a short phrase. Passage 1 Futility (line 3) noun Philosophers and gurus, holy books and self-help manuals have all warned of the futility of equating material gain with true well-being Answer should capture: ï‚ · Does not achieve purpose  OR lacks meaning ï‚ · Negative connotation Intriguing (line 8) adj The intriguing explanation for the poor wealth-to-happiness exchange rate is that the problem is not money, it is us. Answer should capture: ï‚ · Arousing intense curiosity OR very interesting ï‚ · Intensity 1 mark ï‚ · Hopelessness ï‚ · Uselessness ï‚ · Lack of purpose or meaning ï‚ · Efforts are in vain Accepted ï‚ · Ineffectiveness ï‚ · Meaningless ï‚ · Pointlessness 0 marks ï‚ · Wastage ï‚ · Worthless venture ï‚ · Failure ï‚ · Improbable ï‚ · Inability ï‚ · Foolishness ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Ability to arouse intense curiosity Fascinating Deeply/very interesting Appeal strongly To captivate Very interesting and unexpected Very interesting and surprising ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Capture interest Arouse curiosity Extremely interesting Thoughtprovoking ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Interesting {indication of intensity is not very apparent} Exciting Puzzling Ignorance Surprising Curious Intellectually stimulating 7 For Internal Circulation Only impetus (line 40) noun Much of the impetus for discretionary spending – even for seeming essentials like cars, houses, and clothes – comes from a desire to send certain signals about our buying power and our tastes. Answer should capture: ï‚ · The idea of a push or drive. Quell (line 45) verb And $5,000 worth of new stuff, or even $500,000 worth, is unlikely to permanently quell that need. Answer should capture: ï‚ · Suppressing. 1 mark ï‚ · (Sustained) drive ï‚ · Push ï‚ · Motivation ï‚ · A moving force ï‚ · Impulse ï‚ · Stimulus ï‚ · Boost Accepted ï‚ · Catalyst ï‚ · Thrust ï‚ · Spur ï‚ · Spark ï‚ · Trigger ï‚ · Incentive 0 marks ï‚ · Impulsive ï‚ · Penchant ï‚ · Impetuous ï‚ · Attack ï‚ · Assail ï‚ · Reason ï‚ · ï‚ · Subdue Suppress ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Quiet Satiate / Quench Satisfy Appease Fulfil (incidental / part / whole) Allay Pacify Assuage ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Vanquish / Defeat {wrong context} Stop / Halt / Cease Remove Overthrow / Overcome Repress Oppress Extinguish Destroy / Annihilate Kill Dispel Diminish Literally Figuratively Approximately {the idea of estimation, not accepted} Ostensibly Actually Effectually Basically Passage 2 Virtually (line 1) adverb Surveys have found virtually the same level of happiness between the very rich individuals on the Forbes 400 and the Maasai herdsmen of East Africa. Answer should capture: ï‚ · For the most part. ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Nearly; Practically; Almost completely Almost wholly Almost entirely For the most part Just about ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Almost Effectively Essentially ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · 8 For Internal Circulation Only 10. Application Question: Drake Bennett talks about how pro-social spending can lead to happiness while Matthew Herper argues that money does not lead to happiness. Which writer’s views do you find more persuasive? Discuss the relevance of the arguments presented in both passages to you and your own society. [8] ï‚ · ï‚ · Answers that refer to only material from one passage would not be awarded more than 3 marks Explanation/evaluation should not just be a paraphrase of authors’ opinions Possible points From Passage 1 Bennett 1 Extract For deep-seated psychological reasons, when it comes to spending money, we tend to value goods over experiences, ourselves over others, things over people. (lines 9-11) Possible explanations S’pore context Relevant : In a society that is economically driven more than anything else, this is not a surprise. This drive, whether marked by early economic migration, post-war rebuilding, separation from Malaysia or simply Government push, remains sustained, if not stronger. Material success is celebrated and sheer narcissistic consumption is validated by commercial as well as social media. Examples : 2011 SMU study – S’porean women are significantly more materialistic than their American counterparts. Relevance of 5 ‘C’ [cash, credit card, car, condo, country club] notations despite more than a decade of use Not so relevant: There is a rising trend of S’poreans spending on people rather than objects; in 2007, Finance Minister Tharman had indicated clear tax concessions for charity spending and to focus Singapore as a ‘philanthropy hub’. More people, not just the rich, are donating generous sums to their alumni schools, religious charities and other organizations catering to  specific demographics such as the elderly, physically disabled, terminally ill etc. There is also increase in charity through CSR, whether by global MNCs or S’pore GLCs. Of course, the real intention behind the generosity is debatable but as corporations form a substantial percentage in a small workforce, the evidence is mathematically there that ‘we, the management/employees of company X, Y, Z†¦ are altruistic and caring’. There is a rising trend of social entrepreneurs opening restaurants to help the less fortunate and former prisoners. 9 For Internal Circulation Only 2 †¦ higher â€Å"prosocial spending† – gifts for others and donations to charity – was indeed correlated with higher selfreported happiness. (lines 18-20) Relevant : well-known philanthropists such as popiah king Sam Goi, Elim Chew of 77th Street, remisier Peter Lim, Chinese Chamber of Commerce ex-president Chua Thian Poh, Mustaq Ahmad of Mustafa Centre etc have gone on record to say so on newspaper interviews. Hong Kong billionaire loves to donate to Singapore, especially for education charity, for the same purported reason. The education system also introduces students to prosocial spending. The persistence of students in doing charitable acts also suggests happiness and satisfaction obtained. Not so relevant: This is not a technical disagreement. While the actual amount on ‘pro-social spending’ could be higher, it is usually by a small group of uber-rich AND older persons. The majority of Singaporeans, especially youth, have gone on record in many academic surveys that high levels of nuanced selfish material consumption is more rewarding than engaging in others’ welfare. The intense hours and anxiety spent on studying/work necessarily need to see material purchases as a direct reward. Perhaps this material reward can THEN lead to social happiness by the envy/admiration they evoke – e.g. for a Prada handbag, for the possession of a prized virtual weapon for a Diablo 3 PC online game character. This could be an unintended consequence of a meritocratic society. Most parents would also largely spend on their children and obtain great satisfaction. 3 money spent on experiences – vacations or theatre tickets or meals out – makes you happier than money spent on material goods. (lines 21-23) Relevant: Points to support this will  be relatively difficult based on available Singapore studies. Typically, Singaporeans vacationing will covet purchases from overseas; theatre ticket purchases locally may indicate a need to belong to a certain materially privileged crowd rather than the sheer love of the arts. Nevertheless, any qualified evidence is welcome to support agreement however the difficulty is in establishing the level of happiness obtained. Not so relevant: Typical youth population notes that playing World Of Warcraft or getting a new iPhone 4S is far more meaningful; middle-aged men and their toy figure collections; ladies of all ages on record saying that splurging on themselves, expensive cosmetic treatment more rewarding than anything else – refer to any Friday URBAN section of The Straits Times. As mentioned in earlier point, first the money has to be spent on material goods and THEN the experience related or shared can increase your happiness as a corollary. 4 As experiences are inherently more social †¦ we are liable also to relive the experience Relevant : the rise of alumni associations locally, aided by social media, have greatly increased networking; heritage and memorabilia gatherings are on the rise with 10 For Internal Circulation Only when we see those people again. And past experiences can work as a sort of social adhesive even with people who did not participate with us, providing stories and conversational fodder in a way that a new watch or speedboat rarely can 5 (lines 28-32) Talking about money and happiness in the same breath, it turns out, is not necessarily a surrender to crass materialism – it can also be a route to a new and more humane way to think about vitally important things like consumption, satisfaction, investment, and value. (lines 47-50) rich persons being key drivers behind these projects. Various hobby groups would also be relevant such as cycling clubs, dragon boating groups or cosplay groups. Not so relevant: There are hobby groups based on material goods such as car clubs or clubs for owners of toys. Material goods can also generate a sense of nostalgia. Relevant: SMU Board chairman Ho Kwon Ping and wife Claire Chiang regularly  promote pro-social spending and business; they are seen as new-age positive materialists and intellectuals. Christina Ong, boss of homegrown Club 21, is known for widespread charity outreach and growing her business, with equal pleasure. Not so relevant: For the majority of Singaporeans who lack such education or reflective practices, blatant monetary and property acquisition is the norm and only leads to a vicious cycle of debt, miscalculated risk-taking in investment etc From Passage 2 1 Extract People generally overestimate the amount of long-term pleasure they will get from a given object. Sometimes, Loewenstein notes, the way people spend their money can actually make them less happy. (lines 8-10) Possible explanations S’pore context Relevant: Just the consumer electronics industry here can attest to this; spending on upgrading of Apple smartphones from 3Gs to 4 to 4S; disposing of existing LCD for widescreen and 3D monitors, graphics cards in favour of new ones even though all are fully functional; rising number of secondhand computer parts shops is evidence of increasing technology shopping, which ultimately leaves one unhappy and insecure in the face of inability to keep up with the latest. While the tech spending may supposedly be mostly for males, the females display this ‘overestimation of long-term pleasure’ in copious fashion couture purchases and cosmetics. The increase in level of credit card debt is also an indication of less happiness as a result of overspending. Not to relevant: A basic level of income is necessary in Singapore to live a comfortable life. With a median household income of S$6000, anyone earning less would be hard pressed to live comfortably. In wired Singapore, having electronic goods is a necessity and can help attain more happiness in terms of education and interacting with peers. 2 The central problem is that the human brain becomes Relevant: Just looking at government financial decisions which affect the majority of the population after a while, 11 For Internal Circulation Only conditioned to positive experiences. Getting a chunk of unexpected money registers as a good thing, but as time passes, the response wears off. An expected paycheck does not bring any buzz at all  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ and does not contribute to overall happiness. (lines 15-19) Not so relevant: Since the Singapore population composition keeps changing with addition of foreigners, for the majority of the new citizens, this buzz is sustained. As Singaporeans also travel more, they might be more aware of societies which are not as fortunate as Singapore. Relevant: raising a family is universally seen as rewarding; the Government keeps promoting childbearing YET almost the first twenty years of a local child causes much stress for parents – working mothers post-maternity leave and the perennial maid/mother/mother-in-law management; young couples griping about childcare and choice primary schools; until the child is in a choice pri school and moving on to a premier sec sch, the parents put themselves under great duress. There is growing feeling that work-life balance is impossible and people are focusing more on their careers. Not so relevant: Hard to convince for majority local context but there is evidence that a positive change in attitudes to raising children is present, thanks to religious organizations, pro-family policies, national movements e.g. DadsForLife!. There are people who are giving up their careers for the sake of their children. There is also a push for women to return to the workforce after raising their children initially. 4 †¦ happy people tend to have higher incomes later on in their lives. So, while money may not help make people happy, being happy may help them make money. (lines 33-35) Relevant: There are professional who have given up their careers to take up their passions such as opening restaurants and bakeries, and they are doing well. There is an increasing number of entrepreneurs who pursue their passions. The main issue here is that happiness is independent of money and they do not have any links. Not so relevant In 2012, S’pore ranks high in benchmarks of physical comforts – healthiest country in the world, richest country in the world BUT ranks 90th in Happiness Index. Almost the entire local labour force can be on record for having technically higher incomes through their lives but the cost of living never lets up. Singaporeans are not happy or not happy enough but they keep making money anyway. the public becomes numb to the government’s welltimed monetary handouts and utility bill/town council fee reductions; the public expects more consultative engagement for sustained happiness. Recent feedback from the public seems to suggest that people overlook what is good in Singapore and focus on only the negative in terms of healthcare,  transportation, housing, and standards of living. Possible reasons could be a lack of sufficient information about life in other societies and countries. 3 Some of lifes most satisfying experiences do not bring happiness. For instance, having children actually makes people less happy over the short term (lines 26-28) 12

Arthur Conan Doyle Essay Example for Free

Arthur Conan Doyle Essay A critical account of The Speckled Band and The Engineers Thumb by Arthur Conan Doyle  In the story of The Speckled Band a woman called Helen Stoner arrives at Holmes rooms in a state of terror. She is the stepdaughter of Dr Grimesby Roylott, a violent man who spent five years in India and associates only with gipsies, and has such exotic pets as a baboon and a cheetah. Helens mother is now dead, and two years previously her sister died in mysterious circumstances: a strange whistling disturbed her in her sleep for some nights, and on the night of her death she appeared transfixed, able only to shriek, the speckled band! she had been about to marry and now Helen is planning to do the same; her stepfather has moved her to her sisters bedroom next to his and the whistling has recurred. Despite a warning from the maniacal Dr Roylott, Holmes and Watson head for Stoke Moran, examine the house and wait the night in Helens bedroom. Holmes deduction proves correct: Dr Roylott sends a swamp adder (the speckled band) through a ventilator to kill Helen, Holmes cane drives it back and the murderer is poisoned. The main characters in the story consist of: Helen stoner who is the main client. She arrives at Sherlock Holmes rooms in Baker Street to ask him for help. The character of Helen Stoner sets the tone of the story: shivering with fear, her face all drawn and grey, with restless frightened eyes, like those of some hunted animal. She is obviously a sensible and levelheaded woman: therefore there must be a reason for her terror. The character of Sherlock Holmes in the story appears to be that of an appealing eccentric. In this story he uses his powers of deduction to identify minute details with which to solve the final mystery, for instance he knew you must have started early, and yet you had a good drive in a dog cart, along heavy roads before you reached the station. Through the story he displays elements of humour, after doctor Roylott threatened with a poker he replies, he seems a very amiable person. Subtly alluring to his own physical power by, he picked up the steel poker and with a sudden effort straightened it out again. Whilst examining the premises of Stoke Moran, he threw himself down upon his face with his lens in his hand, and crawled swiftly backwards and forwards, examining minutely the crack between the boards. This illustrates Holmes minute attention to detail. Dr Watson is the ideal narrator of this story. His ability to perceive and describe details is as important as his inability to deduce from them what Holmes can. He says, Holmes, I seem to see dimly what you are hitting at, after Holmes had described the position of the ventilator and the rope. The relationship between Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson is one of an intimate friend and associate. In contrast to Holmes, Dr Watson makes the sensible deductions and assumption of the of the ordinary intelligent man. He is portrayed as an amiable man as well as the devoted recorder of Holmes achievements. A vivid description is built up of Dr Roylott by the description of Helen stoner. We know that he came from an aristocratic background. However successive heirs had squandered the money. After taking a medical degree he went to India, where he spent some time in prison from murdering a native servant. She describes his violence of temper approaching to mania.  We are also told that he likes to associate with gypsies and also keeps exotic animals, for example, a cheetah and a baboon. In another passage Dr Roylott enters Holmes room and is described as a huge man with a face marked with every evil passion. He is said to resemble a fierce old bird of pray. We are led also to believe that Dr Roylott is violent towards his Stepdaughter when Homes sees burses on her wrists. The story is set during the Victorian era with the backdrop of the decaying grandeur of Stoke Moran this help this links closely to the character of Dr Roylott as a fallen aristocrat and also helps to create a mysterious atmosphere. The building was of grey, lichen-blotched stone with a high central portion, and two curving wings, like the claws of a crab, thrown out on each side. In one of these wings the windows were broken, and blocked with wooden boards, while the roof was partly caved in, a picture of ruin.

Channels Target Markets Research Marketing Essay

Channels Target Markets Research Marketing Essay In the past few years, European and American luxury markets have been weak because of economy risk. But Chinese luxury market has a steady growth and there are some new emerging markets like Brail, Russia, India and so on. As a whole, the luxury market has a good perspective. This report will discuss CHANEL as a well known luxury brands with long history. Firstly the report could simply describe the CHANEL background. Secondly there is a marketing analysis on CHANEL products. The 4P marketing mixes and STP market strategy are used to evaluate CHANEL products. And then the report could give some introductions on China and Brazil markets which are considered as the target markets of CHANEL. Meanwhile the two target markets will be carefully analyzed to identify whether they are appropriate for CHANEL or not. Finally, the report provides some suggestions which can help CHANEL take more shares of China market. Luxury brand CHANEL CHANEL was found in Paris, France in 1913. And Gabrielle Chanel (Coco Chanel) was the founder who also played the role of designer from 1910 to 1971. In 1983, Karl Lagerfeld called genius designer became the successor. CHANEL has managed a lot of products such as clothing, hats, perfume, jewelry, cosmetic, glasses and so on. The design philosophy of CHANEL Brand is elegance, conciseness and beautiful. In addition, double C and stereoscopic rhombus space line are the major signs. As known to all, double C has become the pride of fashion. And women around the world want to have the brand. In 1920s, womens trappings perfume and image has changed from classical to modern. All this cannot achieve without Chanel contribution. Then after Karl Largerfeld became the chief designer, he was very successful to push Chanel fashion to another peak. Marketing analysis of CHANEL products 3.1 4P marketing analysis product CHANEL products are mainly female products. There are some kinds of series. Fashion boutique: fashion, bag, shoes, accessory Glasses series: sunglasses, optical glasses Wristwatch series: camellia, Premiere, J12, Top jewelry series: camellia, comet, 1932, baroque CHANEL perfume series: NO.5, NO.19 Most of CHANEL products are highly luxury. Because of the comfortable design, unique style and elegant lingering charm, CHANEL can bring a kind of fashion and vanity for users. price As the international well-known brand, CHANEL adopts the high price strategy based on its high quality image (OGuinn, 2011). The price strategies are as follows: Clothing: high price strategy Fashion boutique: high-middle price strategy Watch and top jewelry: high price strategy Glasses: high-middle price strategy Perfume and makeup: mid-price strategy place The CHANEL clothing has spread in 37 countries worldwide and there are 29 countries which hold the points of sale about glasses series. To accord with the position, CHANEL focuses on the senior department stores and prosperous business district. In Taipei, there are four points of sale. Furthermore, in Japan, CHANEL Ginza building has gone into operation. The whole building has ten stories high. The CHANEL boutiques are set up from first floor to third floor. Meanwhile the VIP rooms are also in the third floor. And the fourth floor is the salon show; all CHANEL offices can be found from fifth floor to ninth floor; the tenth floor has a French restaurant. The whole building shows the luxurious grade (Kotler, 2011). Around here, there are some other famous international brands buildings such as Dior, Burberry and Hermes. promotion Fashion show: CHANEL holds some kinds of fashion shows for the seasonal clothing in many countries. To show the perfect product and quality, CHANEL chooses the elegant scene and well-known models. Magazine: what CHANEL chooses is the brand-led magazine such as ELLE and VOGUE. Except the presentation of product in season, these magazines also introduce the product features and the way to distinguish the genuine CHANEL product (Clow, 2011). Celebrity advertising: there are many celebrities such as Diana Spencer, Jacqueline Kennedy, Elizabeth Taylor, and Ingrid Bergman who always dress CHANEL clothing in public. So the classical and graceful image has greatly enhanced. Hollywood Star Nicole Kidman became the spokesperson because of her unique temperament which can tally with CHANEL image. Website: there are 12 languages to choose in CHANEL website. Customers can know the product information and watch the recent fashion show. 3.2 STP marketing analysis CHANEL products have spread all over the world and this brand has been the top brand in womans heart. This report will take CHANEL NO.5 as an example to analyze the STP marketing strategy. Market segmentation The market segmentation of CHANEL NO.5 is based on the individual performance and consumers pay more attention to the spiritual value. There are some segmentation factors such as mentality, age, geography and behavior (Aaker, 2011). Expect the celebrities, the intellectual women with high income have been main customers and they are about 35 years old. Modern women focus on the life quality and grade. And meanwhile they pursue the social honor and position. So CHANEL NO.5 becomes the first choice. Target market CHANEL NO.5 adopts the differentiated targeting strategy on target markets. CHANEL divides the high consumption group into many market segments and works out a range of marketing mixes to satisfy the different consumers (Temporal, 2010). Market position CHANEL NO.5 uses a series of market position strategies such as product quality differentiation, product packaging differentiation, brand image differentiation, point-of-sale terminal differentiation and media communication differentiation (Baaghil, 2011). Two target markets This report will take two BRIC countries Brazil and China as the targets. China market China has become the second largest luxury goods market, although Chinese economy has a slowing growth now. From the graph 1, it can be found that in China luxury market, both consumers and total spending have a steady growth. Graph 1: Source: 2011 China luxury market study by BAINCOMPANY The report will have an analysis on Chinese luxury market from supply and demand. According to the analysis of supply structure, Chinese luxury goods mainly depend on import. And the China local luxury brands are very limited. Along with the recession of European luxury markets, more and more international luxury brands have crowed into Chinese market. Almost all the luxury brands have own stores. In addition, from the perspective of demand, Chinese consumers are different from other European and American consumers. Chinese consumers pay more attention to the social status and vanity especially some young white collars. And Chinese consumers with high income and advanced degree tend to be younger about 30 to 45 years old. The following graph 2 shows the product category in China luxury market. It is very obvious that watch, cosmetic and perfume account for larger proportion than other products. Graph 2: Source: 2011 China Luxury Market Study by BAINCOMPANY Brazil market Because of the appearance of European sovereign debt crisis, European luxury market has been impacted. But luxury goods in Brazil market have a good rise. According to the analysis from Bain Company, Brazil is a fast growing luxury market and the target consumers has been over 100 million (Redazione, 2011). The female consumptions account for about 75 in the luxury market. Luxury cosmetics and perfumes are the most popular and jewel is the third largest category. In addition, there may be about dozens of international luxury brands to foray into the Brazilian market in 2012 such as Fendi, Bottega, Veneta, Yves Saint Laurent ¼Ã…’Prada and so on. Louis Vuitton brand will open three new shops in the next year. TiffanyCo entered into St.Paul in 2001 and demand has been constantly increased. In the coming year, there will be a few new TiffanyCo shops. Evaluation of the two target markets 5.1 analyses on Brazilian marketing environment political environment In recent years, Brazilian governments are always struggling to improve social fundamentals and narrow the wealth gap. It led to the expansion of domestic demand. And Brazilian government has also pushed forward some tax preference policies to encourage import. So it is very beneficial for CHANEL to enter Brazil market. Economic environment Brazilian economic strength is the strongest in Latin America. In recent years, the Brazilian domestic demand has been very powerful. And 2014 FIFA world cup and 2016 Olympic Games will be hold in Brazil. So the prospect of luxury market will be very well. Brazil is the 11th country in the rankings of HNWIS (Redazione, 2011). Brazil has more high net worth individuals than India and Russia. Therefore, Brazil will become a new emerging market of CHANEL. Cultural environment Along with the improvement of education culture level, the residents values have changed. They pursue the life quality and want to get respect from others. So it will be a trend to purchase the luxury goods. These changes will be conducive to the sales of CHANEL products. In short, as a new emerging market Brazilian luxury market will bring great profits for CHANEL. 5.2 analyses on Chinese market Consumers purchase motivation: Chinese consumers purchase motivation can be simply summed up two types. The first is social consumer motivation which includes flaunt, social intercourse, conformity and status symbol. At present, some Chinese consumers purchase luxury goods to satisfy the vanity. And some consumers want to keep good social relations. So they always use the luxury good as a gift to other friend. In addition, other consumers think the luxury goods are one of status symbols which can show own social status. The second is individual consumption motivation. Some Chinese consumers purchase luxury goods to pursue life quality and enjoy the happiness what luxury goods can bring. Market Characteristics: the consumption of luxury good is based on economy and culture. Comparing with European and American markets, Chinese market has own characteristics (BAINCOMPANY, 2011). Firstly, the consumption concept has been changed from waste to life attitude. Now many Chinese consumers use the luxury goods to flaunt their social status. Secondly, the demand growth of luxury goods is very amazing. Now Chinese high income groups are great and their purchase desire will be stronger with the rising incomes. So it leads to the rise in luxury goods demand. Thirdly, the main consumers are young people including some successful young merchants and high income white collars. Of course, there is another kind of people: the children of privileged government officials and the super-rich. Through the above analysis on Chinese market, it means that the market is very appropriate for CHANEL. And CHANEL should put more energy into Chinese market to take more market shares, because there are many powerful competitors. Recommendation Aiming at China luxury market, the report provides some recommendation for CHANEL. Accelerating expansion of 2/3 cities. Now the tier 2/3 cities have been the important markets for luxury brands. Because luxury goods accessed into the first tier cites early, the attraction of luxury goods has gradually declined and the sales has been weak. The high marketing costs can also lesson the profits of luxury brands. By contrast, the marketing costs are lower. in tier 2/3 cites, some invisible rich who just begin to pursue the luxury brands are the most important consumers. Graph 3: Source: 2011 China Luxury Market Study by BAINCOMPANY According to the graph 3, it is very clear that CHANEL has no new shops in the tier 2/3 cities. But its competitors such as GUCCI, LV, and Dior have developed the tier 2/3 cities. So CHANEL should rapidly take actions to occupy the tier 2/3 cities. Using some social medium to increase mindshare. Graph 4: Source: 2011 China Luxury Market Study by BAINCOMPANY Social media has been the main way for luxury consumers to get information. Comparing with Facebook and twitter, microblog is the most important social media. If some luxury brands have new information, generally speaking, microblog is the fastest channel to release. There is an interesting phenomenon that many luxury consumers like to flaunt own luxury goods to friends and strangers by own microblog. CHANEL can use the magnifying effects of microblog to release own brand resource. It is a trend for some social medium like mciroblog, brands website and video to play together (OGuinn, 2011). So CHANEL can use the social medium to hold a fashion show live. Of course, microblog will also bring some risks, so CHANEL must carefully analyze the potential risks and work out a coping strategy. Experience marketing In China luxury market, many consumers cannot insight into the culture of luxury brands and do not know their brands idea and history. Knowing the brand is the precondition of brand loyalist. And experience marketing is the bridges for communications between consumers and luxury brands (Ferrell, 2010). CHANEL can build a new unique store or upgrade the existing store to give consumers bran-new shopping experience. In addition, some art activities may be held to help luxury consumers better know CHANEL brands history, value and culture especially the consumers from tier 2/3 cities. Customized service Along with the deep understanding for luxury brands, Chinese luxury consumers cannot satisfy the current design of luxury brands. Consumers customize requirements can reflect their fanaticism of brands. The core value of customized products is the uniqueness and exclusivity (Keller, 2007). There will be a customized agitation in China luxury market. So CHANEL should provide the customized service of some products such as dress, jewel, and bags and so on. And the consumers can choose own design, material and accessories. Furthermore, CHANEL can take into about the Chinese elements. The perfect combination between Chinese elements and European fashion maybe become a trend. Conclusion As a famous luxury brand, CHANEL has been always insisting the unique brands idea. CHANEL represents a kind of style and double C sign has become the eternal classic. Brands design is the most important factor for CHANEL success. Meanwhile a successful brand cannot do without the optimal marketing strategies. In order to satisfy the existing markets and potential markets, CHANEL constantly adjusts the marketing strategies according to the market demand. Moreover, Along with the recession of European and American economy, luxury brands have taken some developing countries as the target market. China luxury market with a steady growth has become the most attractive luxury market. Most well-known luxury brands have set up own stores in first tier cities and tier 2/3 cities. Chinese luxury market is different from European and American luxury markets. So CHANEL should carefully research the development trend of Chinese luxury market and build some new plans to take more market shares. It can be sure that the competition between CHANEL and other international luxury brands is very fierce. But meanwhile CHANEL should pay attention to Brazil luxury market which is a emerging luxury market.

Essay --

How Christianity shaped lives during Medieval times. Late at night when bedtime draws near, we turn off the lamp, shut off our productivity and slumber into quietness. We become productive and energetic again with the sun rise. What happens when the lamp, used here as a metaphor for civilization, does not switch back on and we are forced to live in complete misery and darkness. That is how the Middle Ages can be described. It was a time of darkness, misery and pain and not even the sun could bright the day up. The vast limitations that the church had on society can be blamed for thousands of deaths during that time. In this essay i will discuss the responsibility the church had for an uncountable amount of deaths by leading you through the main occurrences where the church came into play. I will also discuss how different the social groups were affected with the church’s behavior. During the early years of a time so dark, catholicism emerged and started setting, what is known today as ’‘The Middle Ages’’ into motion. As far back as (590) AD, the Catholic church started to dominate Rome, its influence was so strong that in a matter of years, when Roman empires crumbled, it had the whole western world under control. Christianity was more than a religion during that time, it was all they knew. It was their morning, their afternoon and their night, it was all they were allowed to know. The immense authority the church had on the people left them unable to function freely in society, it was as if they were held captive by what seemed moral to them. The church almost served as a tyrant government, they had their own lands, taxes and laws. They say that with power comes money, this was the case with the church, they were gaining in b... ...daily life of every social group, therefore it was beyond influential. But why were they so powerful and dominant? Well because they assured you that your after life was going to be pleasant and that you were going to Heaven instead of Hell. The church gave them hope, they convinced people, especially the peasants that all their hard labor was for good use.The peasants saw Sunday as a bliss, something to look forward to, the two hour sermon offered highly intellectual wordings and made the peasants feel worthy. As a conclusion, we know through literature and art that it is evident and clear that the church had immense power and control over the people . With their political schemes and agriculture authority, they did not only, directly or indirectly, kill hundred of thousands of people but they put the Middle Ages in a frozen time, where no developments occurred.

Walt Disney and Disneyland Essay -- History Historical Cartoons Morals

Walt Disney and Disneyland When the subject of the Disney Enterprises is brought up, one often thinks of cartoons, musicals or other movies, amusement parks, and famous characters such as Mickey Mouse. And now, nearly four decades after his death, the maker of said creations, Walt Disney, is not nearly as recognized as he should be. Not only are his works and other projects intriguing, his morals and techniques personally behind them are as well. And yet they weren’t just his morals, they were shared by the country’s people who so desired an example of good principles. Perhaps the most significant scheme of all was his creation of his very own amusement park in 1955, Disneyland, located in Anaheim, California. Called â€Å"the happiest place on earth,† Disneyland was gorged with Disney’s beliefs, hopes and values (that were in common with the nation) that were apparent not only in the movie-themed areas but in the whole park and the way it was run as well. Disney, a man keen on innocence and being happy, wanted Disneyland to be a representation of just that, as well as conveying a sense of Americana. The creation of Disneyland not only encompassed and showcased the ideals of Walt Disney but also served as a haven in which people with similar beliefs could come and celebrate such principles as the preservation of innocence, appreciation of simple joys, and nationalism in a postwar country. Moreover, Disneyland was and remains an epitome of the American Dream. Walt Disney, the man who was the creator of the Disney Company and products we know and love today, was certainly extraordinary. He is considered to be one of the most successful people in American history, and rightfully so because the magnitude of his accomplishments is astounding. His films (and the films that are produced under his name now after his death), amusement parks and other merchandise are acknowledged and appreciated throughout the entire world. Nearly all the Disney films and merchandise, and all of the amusement parks target an audience of young children, and therefore Disney endorses his creations with stories containing good morals and an emphasis on maintaining innocence. When Disney first started creating his hit animated features, the nation was in a postwar state and was going through some turmoil within itself as well. Times were changing. The pristine lives most o... ... icon, and because the park truly did embody and reinforce such American beliefs, Disneyland turned out to be an American success. Disney, a man for such strong support for what he believed was right and good in life and society, was not afraid to hold back his thoughts. He conveyed them throughout his films and in his own physical creation, Disneyland. Fortunately for both him and the people of the United States, both he and society agreed on what was morally right. The nation supported his ideals and was grateful for the outlet to this wonderland that he provided. As a man full of -not political- but social power, Disney used his influence to his advantage: to advertise these morals to people all over the world. He began with his creation of what some call his alter ego, Mickey Mouse, worked to producing films, and later opened his own amusement park. From there the Disney empire expanded to beyond belief, more amusement parks popped up not only in America, but also all over the world, and films are still being created under his name. And Walt Disney, the man who started it all -and added a flair of his and th e nation’s good morality-, will remain a household name forever.

Absinthe: The Price of Creativity :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Absinthe: The Price of Creativity The practice of serious art, whether it be painting, music or literature, requires originalities of perception. At a level of neurobiology what this usually means is that the nervous system must respond in new ways to old inputs. How can in individual induce these responses that are needed for creativity? If creativity is a behavior, can it be influenced by things that occur in the brain? Some artists seem to be naturally endowed with the gift of creativity and the creation of these new responses to old information. Some artists seek to place themselves in ambient conditions in order to induce these new responses of the nervous system. And other artists seek out the help of drugs. Drugs can have a wide variety of effects, from mild physical effects to huge effects on personality and behavior. At the end of the 19th century there was an era of great creativity in Europe. Particularly in France, the Belle Epoch era brought with it a generation of artists that produced an enormous output of creativity. These artists survived in artistic circles which brought with them the notorious alcoholic drink called "absinthe". In 1910 to 1915 absinthe was recognized as a neurological poison throughout Europe, and it was also banned in the US. However, amongst the fans of absinthe we find some of the most creative minds of the era. These include; De Musset, Baudelaire, Verlaine, Zola, Oscar Wilde, Gaugin, Toulouse-Lautrec, Van Gough, Hemmingway and Picasso. (5) Oscar Wilde said of absinthe: "After the first glass, you see things as you wish they were. After the second, you see them as they are not. Finally, you see things as they really are, which is the most horrible thing in the world." Although absinthe had become the national drink of France by the end of the 19th century, absinthe had a reputation for inducing "insane and criminal acts" as well as convulsions and other effects of toxicity (1) Though absinthe contains a high volume of alcohol (usually 70%), it is not the ethyl alcohol that is the important neuro-active ingredient, but the terpenoid alpha-thujone. Thujone is derived from the oil of the plants, Artemisia absinthium (common names: bitter wormwood, wormseed, Wermutkraut, Asscnizio, Losna, Pelin) and Artemisia pontica (Roman Wormwood), both of the daisy family. The plant is described as a fragrant perennial herb about 1-4 feet tall with silver-green leaves, silky hairs on both sides of the leaves, and small yellowish-green flowers present during July-September (4).

A Streetcar Named Desire Film Analysis Essay

These actors take on the difficult task of bringing two complex, emotional characters onto the silver screen. With spot-on reactions to each others’ theatrical advances, the pair create an experience that is both enjoyable and expressively coherant. Vivian Leigh was cast for the role of Blanch DuBois for various reasons. She was white, slender, beautiful and had already acted in several other films. Tennessee Williams, the author of the original play, saw Leigh’s performances in plays such as â€Å"The School for Scandal† and â€Å"Antigone†, and decided that she was perfect for the role. All that Leigh needed to change was the color of her hair, which was originally black. Leigh does a splendid job of portraying Blanche’s ascending insanity by seamlessly transitioning from melodramatic anguish into her signature faux semblants, or pretense. An example of this is the scene where Blanche sits alone in Stella’s apartment crying until a delivery man comes to the door. Blanche is then quickly transformed into a mysterious temptress who seduces the young man into kissing her. Leigh’s uncommon ability to switch from such extreme emotions brings a refreshing distinction to the film. Blanche’s eccentric and offbeat personality requires a talented actress to be be fully realized. Leigh’s acting style works well with the other actors’, and expresses a coherence so profound that one might often forget that she is acting. The role of Harold Mitchell was one that needed to be fulfilled in order for the script to make sense. Mitch is described as being two hundred and seven pounds, six foot one and having â€Å"a massive bone structure†. His physique is an important aspect of his character, thus making it imperative for the actor to meet these conditions to be casted for the role. Karl Malden is tall and bulky, with a large nose and a receding hairline. These traits accenuate Mitch’s awkward demeanor and informs the audience of how lonely he is without him having to say it. Malden also shares Leigh’s ability to transition between emotional extremes. For instance, in the beginning of the scene where Mitch confronts Blanche about her lies, he is silent. Though after hearing more of her absurd grip on reality, he snaps into an aggressive brute who pins Blanche to the wall. Malden’s on-screen chemistry with Leigh is apparent throughout the film, and is believable the entire time. Vivian Leigh and Karl Malden’s performances perfectly depicted the tragic twosome that is Blanche and Mitch. With Leigh’s seamless transitions of polar-opposite emotions and Malden’s angry yet passsionate fits of rage, the two give what are easily the best performances of the film. From their intriguing introductionto their dreadful departure, no purer chemistry has been captured so passionately.

French Existentialism Philosophers Essay

Part A: Gabriel Marcel’s Philosophy on Problem and Mystery Part B: Simone De Beauvoir’s Philosophy on why there is a moral obligation to overcome oppression (our own and that of others) and why is an existentialist ethics an ethics of freedom Part A: Gabriel Marcel is known to be one of the more religious philosophers who was a French Existentialist. He was a committed Catholic Philosopher and he believed that by being connected to others he will be connected to god. He believed that philosophy should be about hope and wanted to portray the more positive aspects of human characteristics through his writings and thoughts. Marcel has a belief that problems and mysteries were two separate ideas where problems exist outside and apart from ourselves and mysteries were unsolved queries that were more internal to one’s self. For example determining what a body is, is a problem and determining what my body is, is a mystery. He believes that we can use primary and secondary reflections in order to seek a solution to the problem or mystery being faced with. Primary reflections use analytical skills to separate the thinker from the problematic object in order to find a resolution. Separating the thinker from the problem is important in order to effectively reflect and create intellectual and moral means to a solution. Primary reflections use means of abstracting data and using it in order to manipulate the world and deal with the problem that is not always black and white or a right or wrong answer. Primary reflection approaches problems from an objective standpoint where the thinker is separate from the problem while the secondary reflection begins with the experience of existence within the problem and is used with reflection of a mystery. The secondary reflection is open to contemplation by looking at it as a unique presence. The existence within the world is not a problem that needs to be solved because humans and their bodies are intrinsically related to the world and they are in relation to each other, not objects or problems that can be manipulated. Marcel believed that Philosophy is a part of reflecting on a mystery and the mystery requires participation of the person reflecting because it is an experience of presence itself. A mystery involves you as an intrinsical part of the question wh ich is a question of yourself and requires a solution by secondary reflection. A question becomes a mystery when it takes itself into the subject. Marcel believes that humans are increasingly becoming defined by their problems which cause alienation of themselves from themselves and also causing separation from others. The questions of â€Å"being† and humans are mysteries within the Marcel philosophies. When something is recognized as â€Å"not being† it cannot be a mystery. As humans we have a need for â€Å"being† with â€Å"ontological exigence† which consumes â€Å"being† upsurges of joy, happiness, hopefulness, expectations and desires. â€Å"Being† as a human means existing and experiencing the world and the subjects within it. Having something means exercising power over that thing by possession and rights to those possessions. By having rights over a possession can also enables that person to have the ability of disposal of that subject as well. Having something is different from experiencing that thing, for example having a body is different form experiencing your body because you cannot rid yourself of your body without ceasing to be. Life is not identical to a person’s â€Å"being† because â€Å"being† is the whole self which is more than life and it is what a person aspires to be. Humans can only evoke the fullness of â€Å"being† by engaging with others and coming together as a community. Marcel promotes the idea of living I-Thou which opens up and enhances a person’s â€Å"being† which God being the ultimate Thou. The I-Thou idea requires a person to be open to the â€Å"being† of others within their lives and not living only for themselves. Marcel has an interesting stance on the subject of love and how it should be defined. He believes that love has to do with inner subjectivity and it is about seeking and experiencing the â€Å"being† of the other. Love is not about possession or having another person which is commonly thought to be the main definition of what love means. Marcel believes that a self does not love, but it is the self that is constituted by love. When we attach predicates to a thou we limit our love for another and it’s trust and faith which constitutes love in the â€Å"being† of the other. I always thought that love had to do with possessing and labeling a person or subject as yours. However, Marcel’s philosophy on love has changed my point of view into believing that love is about fully accepting a person as who they are instead of trying to possess them and changing them into being an object of your desire and control. Part B: In Simone Beauvoir’s writing of The Ethics of Ambiguity she begins to elaborate on ethics and the importance of a moral obligation to overcome oppression. Moral acts and willing one’s self free is an obligation of a person in order to become a moral person. With moral freedom a person is not free unless they can deal with free individuals. We all should strive for our freedom as well as the freedom of others and the freedom of all. The freedom to choose is shaped by social and political freedom of people. Beauvoir believes that in order to free all we must take a stand for justice especially in the political sense. We ought to respect freedom when it serves freedom, but not when freedom distances itself from itself. For example when freedom is used in the oppression and the abuse of others, we ought not to respect it in cases such as a dictatorship oppressing the freedom of its people. Oppressing an oppressor is justified even when it requires violence and in cases of people rising up and rebelling the person or the system that has been oppressing them it is justifiable. In such cases casualties of war with sacrifices is justified when fighting for freedom because it makes it a just war. Simone Beauvoir states â€Å"the truth is that if division and violence define war, the world has always been at war and will always be; if man is waiting for universal peace in order to establish his existence validly, he will wait indefinitely: there will never be any other future.† (Beauvoir ) With this she means that if the only reasons for war are for violence to annihilate the other opponent because of division then war will never end and people will never reach complete liberation. However, oppressing and oppressor should never be driven by blind faith. The actions must be considered fully well and deliberate over choice. Each circumstance should be considered on a case by case basis and analyzed by practical problems. Ethics emphasize physical and social interaction in relation to other human beings because of freedom. Authentic morality involves engagement with the world that is not abstract intellectualism. People who sit by and talk about the problems and the circumstances that accustom the world are not engaging with the world directly. Beauvoir stresses that in order to achieve authentic morality people must do something to engage with the world not intellectualize the problems within it. Humans have a moral commitment to liberate the oppressed individuals because it causes limited liberation of their own freedom. Oppressed individuals may not even know that they are being oppressed and this why it is important for others to enlighten them and help them become liberated from their situation. With an oppressed individual, their own judgment that they are oppressed is what counts and this is why it’s an obligation of others who recognize the oppression to give them knowledge of their situation. Oppressed people are cut off from the future without the power of liberation to decide what is next for them in their lives. With liberation a person must be able to question values and oppressed individuals are not able to do this. Being oppressed does not gain moral character because character is not built by suffering. A person cannot say that they are a strong person because they have been accepting oppression and the suffering that comes with it. A person is strong when they take a stand for their liberation and fight for their own values as well as the liberation of others. However, power is limited within liberation, Beauvoir enforces this by stating that â€Å"to be free is not to have the power to do anything you like; it is to be able to surpass the given toward an open future; the existence of others as a freedom defines my situation and is even the condition of my own freedom.† (Beauvoir ) Power is a foundation of moral freedom and in order to engage the world a person must have power, but it is a limited power. Not only individuals of the world, but state also has an obligation to ensure that it’s people have a minimum level of well-being because this is necessary to freely act within the world. External help is needed in order to alleviate oppression and once an oppressed individual is placed within the presence of freedom they must pursue freedom for themselves and one cannot force freedom upon them or it would not be recognized as freedom at all. Works cited Beauvoir, S. D. The Works of Simone de Beauvoir. Zuubooks.com, 2010. Print. Marcel, Gabriel. A Gabriel Marcel Reader. 1st edition. St. Augustines Press, 2011. Print.

Definitions of Environmental Science Legislation

a.The Air Act, 1981 B.The Water Act, 1974 degree Celsiuss.The Environment Protection act, 1986 vitamin D.The Wildlife Protection Act, 1971 vitamin E.Agenda-21 The Air Act, 1981 Definitions. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, – ( a ) â€Å" air pollutant † means any solid, liquid or gaseous substance 2 [ ( including noise ) ] nowadays in the ambiance in such concentration as may be or be given to be deleterious to human existences or other life animals or workss or belongings or environment ; ( B ) â€Å" air pollution † means the presence in the ambiance of any air ( degree Celsius ) â€Å" approved contraptions † means any equipment or appliance used for the delivery of any combustible stuff or for bring forthing or devouring any smoke, gas of particulate affair and approved by the State Board for the intent of this Act ; ( vitamin D ) â€Å" approved fuel † means any fuel approved by the State Board for the intents of this Act ; ( vitamin E ) â€Å" car † means any vehicle powered either by internal burning engine or by any method of bring forthing power to drive such vehicle by firing fuel ; ( degree Fahrenheit ) â€Å" Board † means the Central Board or State Board ; ( g ) â€Å" Cardinal Board- means the 3 [ Central Board for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution ] constituted under subdivision 3 of the Water ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act, 1974 ; ( H ) â€Å" chimney † includes any construction with an gap or mercantile establishment from or through which any air pollutant may be emitted, ( I ) â€Å" control equipment † means any setup, device, equipment or system to command the quality and mode of emanation of any air pollutant and includes any device used for procuring the efficient operation of any industrial works ; ( J ) â€Å" emanation † means any solid or liquid or gaseous substance coming out of any chimney, canal or fluke or any other mercantile establishment ; ( K ) â€Å" industrial works † means any works used for any industrial or trade intents and breathing any air pollutant into the ambiance ; ( cubic decimeter ) â€Å" member † means a member of the Central Board or a State Board, as the instance may be, and includes the Chairman thereof, 4 [ ( m ) â€Å" occupier † , in relation to any mill or premises, means the individual who has control over the personal businesss of the mill or the premises, and includes, in relation to any substance, the individual in posse ssion of the substance ; ] ( N ) â€Å" prescribed † agencies prescribed by regulations made under this Act by the Cardinal Government or as the instance may be, the State authorities ; ( O ) â€Å" State Board † mleans, – ( I ) in relation to a State in which the Water ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act, 1974, is in force and the State Government has constituted for that State a 5 [ State Board for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution ] under subdivision 4 of that Act, the said State Board ; and ( two ) in relation to any other State, the State Board for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution constituted by the State Government under subdivision 5 of this Act. The Water Act, 1974 ( 1 ) This Act may be called the Water ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act, 1974. ( 2 ) It applies in the first case to the whole of the States of Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tripura and West Bengal and the Union Territories ; and it shall use to such other State which adopts this Act by declaration passed in that behalf under clause ( 1 ) of article 252 of the Constitution. ( 3 ) It shall come into force, at one time in the States of Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tripura and West Bengal and in the Union districts, and in any other State which adopts this Act under clause ( 1 ) of article 252 of the Constitution on the day of the month of such acceptance and any mention in this Act to the beginning of this Act shall, in relation to any State or Union district, mean the day of the month on which this Act comes into force in such State or Union district. DEFINITIONS. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, – ( a ) â€Å" Board † means the Central Board or a State Board ; ( B ) â€Å" Central Board † means the Central Pollution Control Board Constituted under subdivision 3 ; ( degree Celsius ) â€Å" member † means a member of a Board and includes the president thereof ; ( vitamin D ) â€Å" occupier † , in relation to any mill or premises, means the individual who has control over the personal businesss of the mill or the premises, and includes, in relation to any substance, the individual in ownership of the substance ; ( vitamin D ) â€Å" mercantile establishment † includes any conduit pipe or channel, unfastened or closed transporting sewerage or trade wastewater or any other retention agreement which causes or is likely to do, pollution ; ( vitamin E ) â€Å" pollution † agencies such taint of H2O or such change of the physical, chemical or biological belongingss of H2O or such discharge of any sewerage or trade wastewater or of any other liquid, gaseous or solid substance into H2O ( whether straight or indirectly ) as may, or is likely to, make a nuisance or render such H2O harmful or deleterious to public wellness or safety, or to domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural or other legitimate utilizations, or to the life and wellness of animate beings or workss or of aquatic beings ; ( degree Fahrenheit ) â€Å" prescribed † agencies prescribed by regulations made under this Act by the Cardinal Government or, as the instance may be, the State Government ; ( g ) â€Å" sewage wastewater † means flush from any sewage system or sewerage disposal plants and includes sullage from unfastened drains ; ( gg ) â€Å" sewer † means any conduit pipe or channel, unfastened or closed, transporting sewerage or trade wastewater ; ( H ) â€Å" State Board † means a State Pollution Control Board constituted under subdivision 4 ( I ) â€Å" State Government † in relation to a Union district means the Administrator thereof appointed under article 239 of the Constitution ; ( J ) † watercourse † includes- ( I ) river ; ( two ) H2O class ( whether fluxing or for the clip being dry ) ; ( three ) inland H2O ( whether natural or unreal ) ; ( four ) sub-terranean Waterss ; ( V ) sea or tidal Waterss to such extent or, as the instance may be, to such point as the State Government may, by presentment in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf ; ( K ) â€Å" trade wastewater † includes any liquid, gaseous or solid substance which is discharged from any premises used for transporting on any [ Industry, operation or procedure, or intervention and disposal system ] , other than domestic sewerage. Definition In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, — ( a ) â€Å" environment † includes H2O, air and land and the inter- relationship which exists among and between H2O, air and land, and human existences, other life animals, workss, microorganism and belongings ; ( B ) â€Å" environmental pollutant † means any solid, liquid or gaseous substance nowadays in such concentration as may be, or be given to be, deleterious to environment ; ( degree Celsius ) â€Å" environmental pollution † means the presence in the environment of any environmental pollutant ; ( vitamin D ) â€Å" managing † , in relation to any substance, means the industry, processing, intervention, bundle, storage, transit, usage, aggregation, devastation, transition, offering for sale, transportation or the similar of such substance ; ( vitamin E ) â€Å" risky substance † means any substance or readying which, by ground of its chemical or physico-chemical belongingss or handling, is apt to do injury to human existences, other life animals, works, microorganism, belongings or the environment ; ( degree Fahrenheit ) â€Å" occupier † , in relation to any mill or premises, means a individual who has, control over the personal businesss of the mill or the premises and includes in relation to any substance, the individual in ownership of the substance ; ( g ) â€Å" prescribed † agencies prescribed by regulations made under this Act. e Environment Protection act, 1986 Power OF Cardinal GOVERNMENT TO TAKE MEASURES TO PROTECT AND IMPROVE ENVIRONMENT ( 1 ) Subject to the commissariats of this Act, the Cardinal Government, shall hold the power to take all such steps as it deems necessary or expedient for the intent of protecting and bettering the quality of the environment and forestalling commanding and slaking environmental pollution. ( 2 ) In peculiar, and without bias to the generalization of the commissariats of sub-section ( 1 ) , such steps may include steps with regard to all or any of the undermentioned affairs, viz. : — ( I ) co-ordination of actions by the State Governments, officers and other governments — ( a ) under this Act, or the regulations made thereunder, or ( B ) under any other jurisprudence for the clip being in force which is relatable to the objects of this Act ; ( two ) planning and executing of a nation-wide programme for the bar, control and suspension of environmental pollution ; ( three ) puting down criterions for the quality of environment in its assorted facets ; ( four ) puting down criterions for emanation or discharge of environmental pollutants from assorted beginnings whatsoever: Provided that different criterions for emanation or discharge may be laid down under this clause from different beginnings holding respect to the quality or composing of the emanation or discharge of environmental pollutants from such beginnings ; ( V ) limitation of countries in which any industries, operations or procedures or category of industries, operations or procedures shall non be carried out or shall be carried out capable to certain precautions ; ( six ) puting down processs and precautions for the bar of accidents which may do environmental pollution and remedial steps for such accidents ; ( seven ) puting down processs and precautions for the handling of risky substances ; ( eight ) scrutiny of such fabrication procedures, stuffs and substances as are likely to do environmental pollution ; ( nine ) transporting out and patronizing probes and research associating to jobs of environmental pollution ; ( ten ) review of any premises, works, equipment, machinery, fabrication or other procedures, stuffs or substances and giving, by order, of such waies to such governments, officers or individuals as it may see necessary to take stairss for the bar, control and suspension of environmental pollution ; ( eleven ) constitution or acknowledgment of environmental research labs and institutes to transport out the maps entrusted to such environmental research labs and institutes under this Act ; ( twelve ) aggregation and airing of information in regard of affairs associating to environmental pollution ; ( thirteen ) readying of manuals, codifications or ushers associating to the bar, control and suspension of environmental pollution ; ( fourteen ) such other affairs as the Cardinal Government deems necessary or expedient for the intent of procuring the effectual execution of the commissariats of this Act. ( 3 ) The Cardinal Government may, if it considers it necessary or expedient so to make for the intent of this Act, by order, published in the Official Gazette, constitute an authorization or governments by such name or names as may be specified in the order for the intent of exerting and executing such of the powers and maps ( including the power to publish waies under subdivision 5 ) of the Cardinal Government under this Act and for taking steps with regard to such of the affairs referred to in sub-section ( 2 ) as may be mentioned in the order and topic to the supervising and control of the Cardinal Government and the commissariats of such order, such authorization or governments may exert and powers or execute the maps or take the steps so mentioned in the order as if such authorization or governments had been empowered by this Act to exert those powers or execute those maps or take such steps. APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS AND THEIR POWERS AND FUNCTIONS ( 1 ) Without bias to the commissariats of sub-section ( 3 ) of subdivision 3, the Cardinal Government may name officers with such appellation as it thinks tantrum for the intents of this Act and may intrust to them such of the powers and maps under this Act as it may hold tantrum. ( 2 ) The officers appointed under sub-section ( 1 ) shall be capable to the general control and way of the Cardinal Government or, if so directed by that Government, besides of the authorization or governments, if any, constituted under sub- subdivision ( 3 ) of subdivision 3 or of any other authorization or officer. Power TO GIVE DIRECTIONS Notwithstanding anything contained in any other jurisprudence but capable to the commissariats of this Act, the Cardinal Government may, in the exercising of its powers and public presentation of its maps under this Act, issue waies in composing to any individual, officer or any authorization and such individual, officer or authorization shall be bound to follow with such waies. Explanation — For the turning away of uncertainties, it is herewith declared that the power to publish waies under this subdivision includes the power to direct — ( a ) the closing, prohibition or ordinance of any industry, operation or procedure ; or ( B ) arrest or ordinance of the supply of electricity or H2O or any other service. Rules TO REGULATE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ( 1 ) The Cardinal Government may, by presentment in the Official Gazette, make regulations in regard of all or any of the affairs referred to in subdivision ( 2 ) In peculiar, and without bias to the generalization of the predating power, such regulations may supply for all or any of the undermentioned affairs, viz. : — ( a ) the criterions of quality of air, H2O or dirt for assorted countries and intents ; ( B ) the maximal allowable bounds of concentration of assorted environmental pollutants ( including noise ) for different countries ; ( degree Celsius ) the processs and precautions for the handling of risky substances ; ( vitamin D ) the prohibition and limitations on the handling of risky substances in different countries ; ( vitamin E ) the prohibition and limitation on the location of industries and the transporting on procedure and operations in different countries ; ( degree Fahrenheit ) the processs and precautions for the bar of accidents which may do environmental pollution and for supplying for remedial steps for such accidents. The Wildlife Protection Act, 1971 The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 is an Indian statute law enacted by the Parliament of India for protection of workss and carnal species. Before 1972, India merely had five designated national Parkss. Among other reforms, the Act established agendas of protected works and carnal species ; runing or reaping these species was mostly outlawed. The Act provides for the protection of wild animate beings, birds and workss ; and for affairs connected therewith or accessory or incidental thereto. It extends to the whole of India, except the State of Jammu and Kashmir which has its ain wildlife act. It has six agendas which give changing grades of protection. Agenda I and portion II of Schedule II supply absolute protection – offenses under these are prescribed the highest punishments. Speciess listed in Schedule III and Schedule IV are besides protected, but the punishments are much lower. Schedule V includes the animate beings which may be hunted. The workss in Schedule VI are prohibited from cultivation and planting. The hunting to the Enforcement governments have the power to intensify offenses under this Schedule ( i.e. they impose mulcts on the wrongdoers ) . Up to April 2010 there have been 16 strong beliefs under this act associating to the decease of Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams. Definition * â€Å" carnal † includes amphibious vehicles, birds, mammals, and reptilians, and their immature, and besides includes, in the instances of birds and reptilians, their eggs. * â€Å" carnal article † means an article made from any confined or wild animate being, other than varmints, and includes an article or object in which the whole or any portion of such animate being has been used and an article made therefrom. * â€Å" hunting † includes ( a ) capturing, killing, poisoning, traping, or pin downing any wild animate being, and every effort to make so ( B ) driving any wild animate being for any of the intents specified in bomber clause ( degree Celsius ) injuring, destructing or taking any body portion of any such animate being, or in the instance of wild birds or reptilians, upseting or damaging the eggs or nests of such birds or reptilians. * â€Å" taxidermy † means the hardening, readying or saving of trophies. * â€Å" trophy † means the whole or any portion of any confined or wild animate being ( other than varmint ) which has been kept or preserved by any agencies, whether unreal or natural. This includes: ( a ) carpet, teguments, and specimens of such animate beings mounted in whole or in portion through a procedure of taxidermy ( B ) antler, horn, rhinoceros horn, feather, nail, tooth, musk, eggs, and nests. * â€Å" uncured trophy † means the whole or any portion of any confined animate being ( other than varmint ) which has non undergone a procedure of taxidermy. This includes a newly killed wild animate being, ambergris, musk and other carnal merchandises. * â€Å" varmint † means any wild animate being specified in Schedule V. * â€Å" wildlife † includes any animate being, bees, butterflies, crustacean, fish and moths ; and aquatic or land flora which forms portion of any home ground Agenda-21 Agenda 21 is a non-binding, voluntarily implemented action program of the United Nations with respect to sustainable development. [ 1 ] It is a merchandise of the UN Conference on Environment and Development ( UNCED ) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992. It is an action docket for the UN, other many-sided organisations, and single authoritiess around the universe that can be executed at local, national, and planetary degrees. The â€Å" 21 † in Agenda 21 refers to the twenty-first Century. It has been affirmed and modified at subsequent UN conferences. Structure and contents Agenda 21 is a 300-page papers divided into 40 chapters that have been grouped into 4 subdivisions: * Section I: Social and Economic Dimensions is directed toward battling poorness, particularly in developing states, altering ingestion forms, advancing wellness, accomplishing a more sustainable population, and sustainable colony in determination devising. * Section II: Conservation and Management of Resources for Development Includes atmospheric protection, battling deforestation, protecting delicate environments, preservation of biological diverseness ( biodiversity ) , control of pollution and the direction of biotechnology, and radioactive wastes. * Section III: Strengthening the Role of Major Groups includes the functions of kids and young person, adult females, NGOs, local governments, concern and industry, and workers ; and beef uping the function of autochthonal peoples, their communities, and husbandmans. * Section IV: Meanss of Execution: execution includes scientific discipline, engineering transportation, instruction, international establishments and fiscal mechanisms.